Nys notary exam practice test quizlet - C)Pay the recorder of deeds $.50 cents. D)Register your signature with the county's prothonotary office. 1. Make sure document signer appears before you when the act takes place except for. -attorneys in fact with power of attorney. -an attorney at law licensed in Pa who witnessed the signing of the document.

 
Quiz yourself with questions and answers for NYS Notary Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.. Is molly on jeopardy transgender

NYS Notary Practice Exam 2023 Questions with correct Answers. Course. NYS Notary. Institution. NYS Notary. If a notary refuses to notarize an affidavit presented for NY notary mobile services, what is the potential maximum jail sentence? - ANSWER-1 year Proof certificate - ANSWER-The notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) When can a notary public reapply for commission without re-testing?, 2) Who is appointed to accept process service on behalf of the notary public who is a non-resident?, 3) Can a notary public be denied reappointment at the time of renewal, even if in excellent, good standing? and more.Sample NY Notary Practice Review. The NYS Notary Exam is one written test consisting of 40 multiple-choice questions. You wants be allowed 1 hour to entire this exam. You need to score at least 70%, or 28 out of 40, to pass the exam. The questions are based totally on the New York State Notary License Law.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is one requirement for becoming a California Notary Public? a. Be under 18 years of age b. Have a criminal record c. Not pass an exam d. Be a legal resident of California, Your jurisdiction will be: a. The entire state of California b. The county in which you live c. The city in which you …73 Multiple choice questions. Definition. notarial act where the signer admits to notary that he signed doc, that he understands the contents of the doc; and that he is aware of the consequences of executing the doc by signing it. signer indicates that he signed of his own free will. taken from signers of documents such as deeds, contracts and ...Free Practice Tests . General Questions #1; General Questions #2 (No passcode required.) Tests for Our Students . Fines and Penalties; Rules/Exceptions ; Identification …Every notary, after being commissioned, must forthwith file: (3 things) 1) a photocopy of the notary's commission, 2) an impression of the notary's seal, and. 3) a specimen of the notary's official signature with the clerk of the circuit court which the notary resides. An official surety bond is: $_________. $1000.Which of the following four choices relating to the following two statements is most correct? 1. "Do you solemnly swear that the contents of this affidavit subscribed by you is coStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A notary commission which began on January 1, 2017 (12:00 a.m.) will end on:, A notary public is not licensed to practice law and may not, under any circumstances, give legal advice unless he/she is a licensed attorney., You must be employed in or a legal resident of Pennsylvania to be …The Series 65, also known as the Uniform Investment Adviser Law Examination, is a test and license required of most financial professionals. Calculators Helpful Guides Compare Rate... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like If a notary refused to notarize an affidavit presented for NY notary mobile services, what is the potential maximum jail sentence? One month Three months Six months One year, The notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a real estate conveyance is called: Qualified resident Official character Proof certificate None of ... Assets or money held by a third party on behalf of two other parties that are in the process of a transaction. Executor. Person designated to execute the terms of a will. NYS Notary Exam Practice. Administrator. Click the card to flip 👆. One appointed by the court to manage the estate of a deceased without a will. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 10 days, 30 days, 30 days and more. ... PA Notary Test. 94 terms. christine_suarez_di. PA Notary Exam. 71 terms. Randi_Shenkman. ... mgh8823. PA Notary Exam. 71 terms. tonytran11135. Pennsylvania Notary Public Examination. 62 terms. vkempe. PA Notary Exam. 71 …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Acknoledgment, Administrator, Affiant and more. ... Notary Practice Test 1. 40 terms. braver1093. Preview. NY NOTARY PUBLIC VOCABULARY. 55 terms. SKIPPYJOHNJONES6. ... NYS Notary Exam questions. 113 terms. pri_ribeiro. Preview. Spelling Bee 2023-24 7th grade study … Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Following the death of both parents two minor children were looked after by another adult. This person is usually known as a:, When a bank (Lessor) opens a safety deposit box in the presence of a notary public, the latter is suppose to:, What is the name of the law that is a consolidation of NYS laws that govern legal procedures ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like If a Notary refuses to notarize an affidavit presented for NY notary Mobile services. What is the potential maximum jail sentence? A. One month. B. Three months C. Six months. D. One Year, The notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a real estate conveyance is called A. Qualified resident. B. Official Character C ... Fill in the bank. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The notary bond must be obtained by a?, A venue is legally required to appear on every notarial certificate. It is important because it indicates to the receiving agency the following?, A commissioned notary public advertises their notary services and includes ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Which of the following statements is not correct? A. Fee for notary public commission is $60. B. The Secretary of State commissions notaries public. C. The term of a notary public commission is 2 years. D. Notary public examinations are scheduled throughout NYS., 2. Notaries are commissioned in ___________. A. their city of ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The Secretary of State must be satisfied that the notary applicant is: 1. of good moral character AND 2. has the equivalent of a common school educations AND 3. is familiar with duties and responsibilities of a notary. A. 1 only is correct. B. 1 and 2 only are correct. C. 1, 2 and 3 are all correct. …Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Practice Test 3 NYS Notary Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.means a notarial act in which an individual: appears in person before a notary and presents a document; provides the notary satisfactory evidence of the individual's identity, or is personally known to the notary; and signs the document in the presence of the notary. Amended by Chapter 259, 2017 General SessionQualifications to become a notary public: 1) The person has attained the age of 18 years. 2) Legal resident of Ohio. 3) The person is NOT a legal resident of Ohio, BUT is an attorney admitted to the practice of law in Ohio by the Ohio Supreme Court, and has the person's principal place of business or the person's primary practice in Ohio.True/False: The Secretary of State may discipline a notary public for misconduct, but they cannot be held liable for monetary damages. *Will* True/False: A notary public who is not an attorney admitted to practice in NY may not advertise legal advice, or give legal advice, unless posted clearly that they are not an attorney.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like acknowledgment, "in a representative capacity" means acting as, "Notarial act" means a and more. ... Econ Test 2/10. Teacher 50 terms. surfdog114. Preview. BLAW 321 Mid Term (Morgan) 72 terms. EmiliaLF. Preview. Notary Exam 2022 Practice Questions. 90 terms. kmpham13. …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) If a Notary refuses to notarize an affidavit presented for NY notary Mobile services. ... None of the above, 3) Which of the following is in the requirements to become a Notary Public in New York? A) Be at least 18 years old. ... New York Notary 2023 Practice Exam #1. 40 terms ...As you age, it is important to stay up-to-date on your driving skills and knowledge. Taking a practice test before your senior driver’s exam can help you prepare and ensure that yo...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following statements is/are TRUE about notaries in Louisiana, Which of the following statements about the role of the notary in civil law jurisdictions in other countries is/are FALSE?, LA is the only civil law jurisdiction in the United States, but if _____ becomes a state, it will be …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An affirmation is the legal equivalent of, and equally binding as: a) An oath b) An acknowledgment. c) A certification. d) An attestation., The Secretary of State's authentication attached to a notarized and county-certified document, for possible international use, is called a(n): a) Conveyance. b) Annotation. c) Apostille. d ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like If a notary refused to notarize an affidavit presented for NY notary mobile services, what is the potential maximum jail sentence? One month Three months Six months One year, The notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a real estate conveyance is called: Qualified resident Official character Proof certificate None of ... Assets or money held by a third party on behalf of two other parties that are in the process of a transaction. Executor. Person designated to execute the terms of a will. NYS Notary Exam Practice. Administrator. Click the card to flip 👆. One appointed by the court to manage the estate of a deceased without a will. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The Secretary of State must be satisfied that the notary applicant is: 1. of good moral character AND 2. has the equivalent of a common school educations AND 3. is familiar with duties and responsibilities of a notary. A. 1 only is correct. B. 1 and 2 only are correct. C. 1, 2 and 3 are all correct. D. 1, 2 and 3 are all ...137 of 137. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for NOTARY PUBLIC PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Quiz yourself with questions and answers for NYS Notary Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. ... USHTC- First Test (Early America) 24 terms. Alexis_Fernandez367. Preview. Cy Pres Essay cases . 14 terms. clodagh_aherne. Preview. NYS Notary Exam questions. 113 terms. pri_ribeiro. Preview. NYS Notary Practice Exam 2021. 81 terms. denice_omutho. Preview. corrections . 14 ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A notary at the time of appointment must be either a NYS resident or have a place of business in New York State?, A NYS resident notary public who moves out of NYS but still maintains a place of business in NYS can continue to be a notary in NYS?, In certain situations, the Secretary of State is not required to satisfy himself of ... A patient asks a phlebotomy technician to use her finger for blood work. In which of the following situations can the technician collect blood from. the patient's finger? A phlebotomy technician is preparing to draw blood specimens from a …The Series 65, also known as the Uniform Investment Adviser Law Examination, is a test and license required of most financial professionals. Calculators Helpful Guides Compare Rate...Fee for changing name or address of a notary public. $10. Fee for duplicate identification card. $10. Fee to notarize documents for the public in the county clerk's office during normal business hours. FREE. Fee for administering an oath or affirmation, and certifying the same when required. $2. Fee for taking and certifying the acknowledgment ...1. an authorized officer agent or other representative for a person other than an individual. 2. a public officer, personal representative, guardian, or other representative in the capacity stated in a record. "Notarial act" means a. act that notarial officer may perform under the laws of new jersey the terms include. 1.taking acknowledgment.2. "Do you solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm that the statements made by you are correct?" A. 1 and 2 are affirmations. B. 1 and 2 are oaths. C. 1 is an affirmation; 2 is an oath. D. 1 is an oath; 2 is an affirmation. Click the card to flip 👆. D. 1 is an oath; 2 is an affirmation. as per case law. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An affirmation is the legal equivalent of, and equally binding as: a) An oath b) An acknowledgment. c) A certification. d) An attestation., The Secretary of State's authentication attached to a notarized and county-certified document, for possible international use, is called a(n): a) Conveyance. b) Annotation. c) Apostille. d ... 10. A notary public who is an attorney at law admitted to practice in NYS may: 1. administer oath or affirmation to his client. 2. take the affidavit or acknowledgment of his client. Both 1 and 2 or not correct. Only 1 is correct. Only 2 is correct. Both 1 and 2 are correct. 10 of 40.Pretty Loan Signing NNA Practice Exam Questions. Teacher 48 terms. prettyloansigning. Preview. Nevada state real estate law. 34 terms. ... Gas Law Test Stuff. 26 terms. KitKat92506. Preview. NYS Notary Public Exam (Definitions) 50 terms. hcwinters12. Preview. Violations of License Law: Penalties and Procedures - flashcards. 23 terms. …Assets or money held by a third party on behalf of two other parties that are in the process of a transaction. Executor. Person designated to execute the terms of a will. NYS Notary Exam Practice. Administrator. Click the card to flip 👆. One appointed by the court to manage the estate of a deceased without a will.276-277) A witness acknowledgement can be used on a private act only signed by the parties: false (p. 276) A jurat in an affidavit is where the affiant signs his name: false (p. 464) Which government official appoints notaries in Louisiana: the governor (p. 58) These items are community property:71 of 71. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for PA Notary Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Term Length, Notary Seal Words, Depositions and more. ... New York State Notary Exam Words. 52 terms. deave12. Sets found in the same folder. Notary Prep Test 2. 142 terms. ImagesDuallyNoted. Notary Test. 52 terms. Danya_Contreras. Notary Practice Test 1, …10. A notary public who is an attorney at law admitted to practice in NYS may: 1. administer oath or affirmation to his client. 2. take the affidavit or acknowledgment of his client. Both 1 and 2 or not correct. Only 1 is correct. Only 2 is correct. Both 1 and 2 are correct. 10 of 40.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like $10, $3, $2 and more. Home. Subjects. Solutions. Create. Study sets, textbooks, questions. Log in. Sign up. Upgrade to remove ads. Only $35.99/year. NY Notary Exam D Practice. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Flashcards. ... New York State Notary Public License Exam. 163 … Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Which of the following statements is not correct? A. Fee for notary public commission is $60. B. The Secretary of State commissions notaries public. C. The term of a notary public commission is 2 years. D. Notary public examinations are scheduled throughout NYS., 2. Notaries are commissioned in ___________. A. their city of ... A handful of schools are letting mid-career folks place out of classes based on exams testing their knowledge. For some, these programs offer a faster way to a diploma. By clicking...The Series 65, also known as the Uniform Investment Adviser Law Examination, is a test and license required of most financial professionals. Calculators Helpful Guides Compare Rate...the notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a real estate conveyance is called. proof certificate. what are the requirements to become a notary public in NY. be 18 years old, no special education/common school level, be a resident and/or qualified non-resident resident. if a notary moves to another state but still works in NYS he/she.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. Issuing a false certificate is a: A. Class B felony. B. Class A misdemeanor C. Petty Offense D. Class E felony, 2. A declaration that is made before an official (example: notary public) that under the person's free act and deed he did execute the instrument is known as: A. an affidavit B. an affiant C. an acknowledgment D ...The NYS Notary Exam is a written test consisting of 40 multiple-choice questions. You will be allowed 1 hour to complete the exam. You need to score at least 70%, or 28 out of 40, to pass the exam. The questions are based entirely on the New York State Notary License Law.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like the venue on a notary certificate should be filled in with the county where, a signer comes to you and asks you to notarize his signature on a statement and give him an oath. ... Notary Exam 2022 Practice Questions. 45 terms. kmpham13. Preview. Jazz History Midterm - Quiz ...5. The Secretary of State may not remove from office for misconduct any notary appointed by him unless the person: 1. is served with a copy of the charges against him. 2. has had an opportunity to be heard. 1 only is correct. 2 only is correct. Both 1 and 2 are not correct. Both 1 and 2 are correct.A) $2.00. B) $2.00 for each original signature witnessed. C) .75 (cents) for the first one and .10 (cents) for the second one. D) Notary services are free during normal business hours. D. Notary services are free during normal business hours. NYS Notary. The notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a real estate conveyance is called ...A/An _____ may be appointed a notary public without an examination; True/False: Non-residents of New York state who have offices or places of business in the state may also become notaries. *Notary Public* (The full definition, as laid out in NY state law.) *Laches* *Extra credit*, from NY State Law.20 of 20. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for New York Notary Practice Test #2, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.As you age, it is important to stay up-to-date on your driving skills and knowledge. Taking a practice test before your senior driver’s exam can help you prepare and ensure that yo...2. "Do you solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm that the statements made by you are correct?" A. 1 and 2 are affirmations. B. 1 and 2 are oaths. C. 1 is an affirmation; 2 is an oath. D. 1 is an oath; 2 is an affirmation. Click the card to flip 👆. D. 1 is an oath; 2 is an affirmation. as per case law.1) look for a specific lender instructions. 2)Use the prep sheet to organize the packet into note the stacking order. 3)Check in flag the documents. 4)Compile a list of questions for the contracting company, if necessary.nts to become a notary public in NYS Correct Answer: at least 18 years of age, resident or qualified non-resident, no special education or common school level if a notary moves to another state but still works in NYS he/she Correct Answer: still is a qualified non-resident resident Errors a notary can make that will not make the …The nys notary practice exam 2024 is a comprehensive test that assesses a candidate’s knowledge and understanding of the. Source: grathor.com. nys notary exam practice …Free NYS Notary Exam Practice: 2024 Prep Guide - Notary Practice Test 1 Flashcards. NYS Notary Practice Exam. Few time of praxis make see and difference. …61 Multiple choice questions. Definition. 18 years of age ( Sec 321 a 1) Certified journal entry copies are permissible when. upon suspension or revoking the stamp should be. Minimum Age for becoming a Notary in PA. seperate journals can be held for. 1 of 61. Definition. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A Journal of Notarial Act, although not required by law in New York, can benefit which of the following when used correctly? Law enforcement officers who investigate misconduct or fraud in notarizations Notaries who want protection from liability and possible civil suits Individuals who seek evidence when a notarization is later ... We explain Chase Bank's notary services, plus the fees, if all locations notarize, ID requirements, membership requirements, and more. Chase Bank doesn’t charge a fee for notary se...Free Practice Tests . General Questions #1; General Questions #2 (No passcode required.) Tests for Our Students . Fines and Penalties; Rules/Exceptions ; Identification …A patient asks a phlebotomy technician to use her finger for blood work. In which of the following situations can the technician collect blood from. the patient's finger? A phlebotomy technician is preparing to draw blood specimens from a … 2. "Do you solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and affirm that the statements made by you are correct?" A. 1 and 2 are affirmations. B. 1 and 2 are oaths. C. 1 is an affirmation; 2 is an oath. D. 1 is an oath; 2 is an affirmation. Click the card to flip 👆. D. 1 is an oath; 2 is an affirmation. as per case law. If you went to school in America, you were probably taught math, science, English and history, but did you ever take a civics class? The U.S. Naturalization Test is one of the most...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A 77-year-old recently died with no will, and his estate has gone to the probate court, which will appoint a person to manage the estate. What is the name of this person?, What is the term called when the Minister of Foreign Affairs confirms that the documents have been obtained legally and issues a specialized certificate?, What ...Quick guide to practice exam questions for NYS Notary Public Exam. Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ... Notary Practice Test 1. 40 terms. braver1093. Preview. New York Notary 2023 Practice Exam #1. 40 terms. asamonkey. ... Quizlet for Schools; LanguageBring two #2 pencils 6. No study materials allowed 7. 1 hour to take the test, 40 multiple choice questions, 70% correct passes (28) What are 4 examples of activities involving the practice of law which are prohibited for the NP & can result in the removal from the office, possible imprisonment or both? 1. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The Secretary of State must be satisfied that the notary applicant is: 1. of good moral character AND 2. has the equivalent of a common school educations AND 3. is familiar with duties and responsibilities of a notary. A. 1 only is correct. B. 1 and 2 only are correct. C. 1, 2 and 3 are all correct. D. 1, 2 and 3 are all ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like the venue on a notary certificate should be filled in with the county where, a signer comes to you and asks you to notarize his signature on a statement and give him an oath. ... Notary Exam 2022 Practice Questions. 45 terms. kmpham13. Preview. Jazz History Midterm - Quiz ...a. Up to $750 fine. b. Up to $1,500 fine and at least. c. Two - four years in prison. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for CA Notary Practice Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the simplest form of an oath?, What is the simplest form of an affirmation?, A notary may not...a. A 6-foot diameter. b. 1 inch in width by 2 ½ inches in. length. c. 2 ½ inches by 6 inches. d. One foot square. 16. If you are one of the following.Free NYS Notary Exam Practice. A 2024 prep guide by iPREP. Check out our free NYS Notary Exam sample questions and ace your test.109 of 109. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for NY Notary Exam, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.A) $2.00. B) $2.00 for each original signature witnessed. C) .75 (cents) for the first one and .10 (cents) for the second one. D) Notary services are free during normal business hours. D. Notary services are free during normal business hours. NYS Notary. The notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a real estate conveyance is called ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) If a Notary refuses to notarize an affidavit presented for NY notary Mobile services. What is the potential maximum jail sentence? A. One month. B. Three months C. Six months. D. One Year, 2) The notary certificate of a witness to the execution of a real estate conveyance is called a: A. Qualified resident. B. Official ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following statements is not correct? A. The fee for a notary public commission is $60. B. The Secretary of State commissions notaries public. C. The term of a notary public commission is 2 years. D. Notary public examinations are scheduled throughout NYS>, Notaries Public are commissioned in________________. A. their ...

Quiz yourself with questions and answers for NY Notary Exam - Practice Questions, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.. Kia forte lug nut torque

nys notary exam practice test quizlet

As a New York Notary, a person may perform notarizations: Anywhere in the United States or its territories Only in their New York county of residence Within the boundaries of …Practice Questions for the NYS Notary Public Exam Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Practice Questions for the NYS Notary Public Exam Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. ... Vocab #3 *TEST 11/28/23. 20 terms. kpederson009. Preview.We list more than 20 banks with notaries, including their fees. Find answers about U.S. Bank, Wells Fargo, and more inside. Many banks and credit unions, such as Bank of America, C... Bring two #2 pencils 6. No study materials allowed 7. 1 hour to take the test, 40 multiple choice questions, 70% correct passes (28) What are 4 examples of activities involving the practice of law which are prohibited for the NP & can result in the removal from the office, possible imprisonment or both? 1. You've studied hard, had a good night's sleep, eaten a good breakfast, and now you're ready for your big test. You might consider walking to the exam—20 minutes of activity, walkin...a notary public is not a public officer. FALSE- a notary is a public officer and must not act without having and duly filed the required oath of office. A person who acts as a notary without having taken and duly filed the required oath of office is guilty of a _____. misdemeanor, the oath must be as prescribed by law.Fee for changing name or address of a notary public. $10. Fee for duplicate identification card. $10. Fee to notarize documents for the public in the county clerk's office during normal business hours. FREE. Fee for administering an oath or affirmation, and certifying the same when required. $2. Fee for taking and certifying the acknowledgment ...A Notary who violates advertising restrictions could be subject to the following actions by the Secretary of State: A. $1500 penalty, suspend a Notary's commission B. $750 penalty, refuse appointment, revoke or suspend a Notary's commission C. $1500 penalty, refuse appointment, revoke or suspend a Notary's commission.Sample NY Notary Practice Exam for anyone taking the Notary Exam in New York State, NYS, NYC or any county or city in the State of New York. Free to practice and learn. Free NY Notary Practice Exam Notary Law … Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like A client has asked you to notarize an affidavit; at the same time, you ask him to swear an oath. Which of the following is false? a. The client must bring along a photo ID b. The instrument has to be signed in the presence of the notary c. The notary public may ask the signer to swear an oath prior to signing d. The fee of an ... Free Practice Tests . General Questions #1; General Questions #2 (No passcode required.) Tests for Our Students . Fines and Penalties; Rules/Exceptions ; Identification ….

Popular Topics