Converting OST files to PST using the Outlook Import/Export feature is a straightforward process that allows you to export OST to PST without the need for third-party software. This method is particularly useful for users who have access to the original Microsoft Exchange account associated with their OST file.Coolutils OST to PST Converter sẽ dễ dàng chuyển đổi tệp OST hoặc tệp của bạn sang PST. Không giống như các công cụ khác, nó hoạt động ngay cả khi bạn không có kết nối Exchange Server. Khôi phục thư mục hộp thư Exchange bằng cách chuyển đổi OST sang PST và mở tệp PST đã ...By Satish Shethi and edited by Joy R Bhamre. OST to PST file converters are a boon when you need to store Outlook data comprising emails, contacts, calendars, …OST files automatically synchronize with the email server, as long as you have an internet connection. Unlike PST files, though, you can't import an OST file into Outlook---because you don't have to. If you're …Sep 25, 2023 · Here are the simple steps of OST to PST Converter Software that allows users to convert OST files to PST format easily: Step 1: Download and Install Aryson OST to PST Converter. Step 2: Run as administrator and click the browse. Step 3: Select the file that you need to convert. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Kernel for OST to PST Converter is an email migration tool designed to convert OST files and mailboxes into PST format. The software is capable of retrieving user mailboxes from OST files that are orphaned as well as damaged OST files and convert them to PST format (on any Outlook edition). With Kernel for OST to PST Converter, …OST to PST Converter is a powerful OST to PST conversion tool that restores data from OST files. The software includes a slew of user-friendly features to enable a speedy and seamless conversion from OST to PST. 1 Like . best response confirmed by Linkang (Copper Contributor)In Outlook 2010, go to Files > Options > Advanced and then click the ‘Export’ button under the Export section. In Outlook 2007, navigate to File > Import and Export… to open Outlook Import/Export Wizard. Select Export to a file and click Next. Select Outlook Data File (.pst) from the options and click Next.Mar 21, 2024 · Converting OST files to PST using the Outlook Import/Export feature is a straightforward process that allows you to export OST to PST without the need for third-party software. This method is particularly useful for users who have access to the original Microsoft Exchange account associated with their OST file. Feb 10, 2023 · Yes, there are free tools that you can use to convert OST to PST files. Here are a few options: Microsoft’s Export Tool: Microsoft provides a free tool called “Scanpst.exe” that can be used to convert OST to PST. This tool is included in all versions of Microsoft Outlook and can be used to repair and convert OST files to PST. 8-in-1 Toolkit for Outlook. Advanced “8-in-1” software package for Outlook users & administrators, offering tools to repair corrupt PST files, convert OST into PST, split & compact PST file, and optimize Outlook performance. The Toolkit supports Outlook 2019, 2016, 2013, & previous versions. Free Download100% Secure Buy Now. *The Free … After you convert the file from OST to PST, in addition to the link to download the result, you can also fill out a feedback form. Please take a look at the conversion results and let us know if you want any extra features or find any bugs. Our libraries that we use to convert OST to PST contain a lot of fine-tuning options. Stellar Converter for OST offers quick conversion of Outlook OST file to PST. It extracts complete mailbox objects along with emails, contacts, attachments, calendar entries, etc., and saves them in a newly created PST file. Additionally, this powerful tool facilitates you to convert OST file, when the OST is corrupt or become inaccessible.Stellar Converter for OST is a powerful software to convert inaccessible OST files into Outlook PST files & Extract Mailbox Data. This software is trusted world over by Microsoft MVPs and IT administrators for its efficacy to convert inaccessible OST to PST file. The tool extracts the emails, attachments, contacts, & calendars, etc., with 100% precision. Stellar Converter for OST is a powerful software to convert inaccessible OST files into Outlook PST files & Extract Mailbox Data. This software is trusted world over by Microsoft MVPs and IT administrators for its efficacy to convert inaccessible OST to PST file. The tool extracts the emails, attachments, contacts, & calendars, etc., with 100% precision. Using the technician edition of the ... Open MS Outlook and initiate to create a new PST file for Outlook profile. Click on New Items from toolbar. Go to More Items >> Outlook Data File. Give a file name and provide a password as in the optional password box. Click on OK button and it will create a PST file for your Outlook profile.ATS OST to PST Converter Software. A Free OST to PST Converter is a powerful utility designed to assist users in recovering and converting OST (Offline Storage Table) files to PST (Personal Storage Table) format. This tool is particularly useful in scenarios where OST files are inaccessible or corrupted, allowing users to retrieve …Nếu bạn muốn chuyển đổi OST sang PST mà không cần sử dụng Outlook, hãy thử phương pháp này. Nhấn vào Bắt đầu menu, tìm kiếm PowerShell, và nhấp vào Run as administrator tùy chọn. Vì PowerShell thường hạn chế chạy các tập lệnh, hãy chạy lệnh sau để thay đổi chính sách:Check out Advik OST to PST Converter software for Windows machine. This program will let you convert OST to PST file format. So that you can import PST file ...Technique #4- Use Drag and Drop to Convert OST to PST. This method is also sometimes fruitful in converting the OST file to PST and you can check out the steps given below to use this method. Launch MS Outlook and create a New PST File. Then drag the mailboxes and folders to that PST file you have created.The easiest way to fix all types of OST issues, irrespective of the intensity of damage or loss is to convert the OST file to Outlook PST. There are several ways to migrate OST data to PST format which are as follows: 1. Use Outlook Archive feature. Archive feature can be used in Outlook to copy or move mailbox items to PST. It converts all the ...Jan 1, 2024 · SysTools OST to PST Converter is the premier choice of Microsoft MVPs for converting inaccessible, orphaned, offline, and corrupted OST files into Outlook-supported PST format. It can easily convert emails, calendars, contacts, and tasks in MS Outlook even when the Exchange Server has crashed or the mailbox dismounted. SysTools OST to PST Converter: SysTools OST to PST Converter is a utility that allows for complete scanning, recovery, and extracting of offline OST files/items. With an easy-to-use interface, it ...Check out Advik OST to PST Converter software for Windows machine. This program will let you convert OST to PST file format. So that you can import PST file ...These are the steps for changing the .ost file into a .pst file using reliable software. Install the OST to PST converter software. Launch the application and select single or multiple files. Browse the .ost file and click on next. Press the next button application and start scanning the file.Our OST convertor allows you to convert several OST files to PST format online for free. Convert OST or any other supported file formats. No third-party software installation is required. Web-based application is fast, robust, easy-to-use and absolutely free.Step 1: Open Outlook. Sign in if you haven’t already. Click on “File” at the top left of the ribbon. Open Outlook and go to the “File” tab. Steps 2 and 3: In the blue menu bar on the left, click on “Open & Export”, then click on the “Import/Export” button. A pop-up window will appear.The fastest way to open the folder where your Outlook Data Files (.pst and .ost) are saved is to do the following: In Outlook, select the File tab, then on the Info tab, select Account Settings > Account Settings. Select the Data Files tab, select an entry in the table, and then click Open Folder Location.Steps for obtaining a PST file from an OST file: Uploading your OST file to the server. You can upload the OST file to the server on the service's home page. To upload a file: Select the file on disk. Enter your e-mail (so that you can receive notifications when the conversion is complete or if the conversion session is terminated for some ...Firstly, Install and run the Aryson OST to PST Converter as an administrator. Then click on the Next button. Click on Select Files to add the OST files to the Software Wizard. Select the OST file ...You can use our OST to PST converter software to convert OST files to PST files so that the mailbox data inside the files can be accessed in MS Outlook. Moreover, when you encounter various errors and problems with OST files, such as data corruption, synchronization errors, deleting emails by mistake, oversized 2GB OST file problem, …Double-click the SCANPST.EXE file to open the Microsoft Outlook Inbox Repair experience. Click the Browse button. Locate the .pst file you want to repair. Click the Open button. Click the Start ...Rename the file back when Outlook is closed and then open Outlook again. Export your Tasks to a pst-file, close Outlook and rename the ost-file to .old again. Also see: Don’t risk losing your Contacts and Calendar when using IMAP in Outlook 2013. Robert Sparnaaij [MVP-Outlook] https://www.howto-outlook.com. https://www.msoutlook.info.PST stands for Pacific Standard Time. CST is known as Central Standard Time. CST is 2 hours ahead of PST. So, when it is it will be . Other conversions: PST to Berlin Time, PST to Moscow Time, PST to Oslo Time, PST to Seoul Time, PST to Abu Dhabi Time. Getting Started. 1 Add locations (or remove, set home, order) 2 Mouse over hours to convert ...Most other account types, such as IMAP accounts, Microsoft 365 accounts, Exchange accounts, and Outlook.com accounts use an Offline Outlook Data File (.ost) file to store …The easiest way to fix all types of OST issues, irrespective of the intensity of damage or loss is to convert the OST file to Outlook PST. There are several ways to migrate OST data to PST format which are as follows: 1. Use Outlook Archive feature. Archive feature can be used in Outlook to copy or move mailbox items to PST. It converts all the ...Launch the OST to PST Converter tool. Click on taskbar to open the OST file. After that, click on the Browse button. Now, select the OST file you wish to convert into PST file format. Click Open to confirm the file selection. Select the scanning mode between Standard and Advanced depending upon the level of corruption.Exporting your mailbox in a PST format is one of the simplest and most effective methods to convert OST to PST. You can do this by following the simple steps mentioned below: Step 1: Log in to Outlook using your Exchange account and go to the “Files” tab. Locate and tap on “Open & Export” and select the “Import/Export” option.So, you are not actually importing into an ost-file but in the mailbox itself. Depending on the number of pst-files that you need to import, users can either do it manually or you can do it server-side. To do it manually, users can use the File-> Open & Export-> Import/Export feature or simply connect to the pst-file via File-> Open & Export ...Xst Reader is an open source viewer for Microsoft Outlook’s .ost and .pst files, written entirely in C#, requiring only .Net Framework 4, and with no dependency on any Microsoft Office components. It presents as a simple, classic, three pane mail viewer: It allows viewing of emails in plain text, HTML, and RTF formats.Stellar Converter for OST is a powerful software to convert inaccessible OST files into Outlook PST files & Extract Mailbox Data. This software is trusted world over by Microsoft MVPs and IT administrators for its efficacy to convert inaccessible OST to PST file. The tool extracts the emails, attachments, contacts, & calendars, etc., with 100% precision.OST to PSTコンバーターツールは、MS Exchangeにアクセスできない場合でも、OSTからPSTファイルへの変換と移行をリスクなく行うことができます。Stellar OST to PST Converterは、メール、カレンダー、メモ、タスク、ジャーナルなどを変換します。We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Follow these steps to convert an OST file into PST file by using the software: Run Stellar Converter for OST. Browse and select the Offline Outlook Data File (.ost) Click 'Convert' button to start the conversion process. Click 'Save Converted File' button to save the mailbox data. Jan 25, 2020 · From within Outlook, go to File --> Open & Export --> Open Outlook Data file --> browse to the PST file and select it. #2 - Set this newly added PST file as the "default data file" for the Outlook profile, this is where the default contact/calendar folders are stored. Go to File --> Account Settings -->Data File tab --> select the newly added ... Haga clic en el botón Convertir. Sus archivos OST serán subidos y convertidos a formato PST. Descargar enlace de archivos PST convertidos estará disponible al instante después de la conversión. Compruebe los resultados de la conversión de OST a PST y envíe sus comentarios. También puede enviar un enlace a los resultados a su dirección ... Download, install and launch OST2 on your PC. Click "Convert OST to PST" button. Select OST file you would like to convert. Select the destination where you would like to save the data in PST format. OST2 will convert your data from OST file to PST format. Convert PST files to OST format online. Our PST convertor allows you to convert several PST files to OST format online for free. Convert PST or any other supported file formats. No third-party software installation is required. Web-based application is fast, robust, easy-to-use and absolutely free.A. Follow the given steps to change Microsoft Outlook OST to PST quickly: Download & install the Microsoft OST to PST Converter. Click on the Select Files or Select Folder button to choose the OST files, and then click Next. Preview and choose the Files from the tree-structure list, and then click Next. Select the PST format from the drop-down ...From the list of options that appear, select Open & Export and then Import/Export. 2. The Import/Export Wizard will open in a new dialog box. From the list of actions to perform, select Export to a File and click the Next button. 3. Select Outlook Data File (.pst) from the options on the next page of the Wizard, and then click Next.You can begin by opening the OST Exporter PST Tool and selecting “Add File.”. Choose the output format – Outlook PST file from – Menu – Saving Option after adding OST file. To save the produced file, navigate to the desired location on your computer. Export is the action of removing something from the system.See our 14 reviews on. Free OST to PST Converter allows you to recover & convert OST to PST at no cost. OST to PST converter recovers the damaged or orphaned OST file. Supports Exchange Server, Hotmail, and IMAP OST file. Secure, Fast and Safe solution for OST to PST Conversion. Exports OST data into PST, EML, MSG, and RTF formats.This free OST to PST converter software is made for recovering deleted OST emails, contacts, etc. without any hindrance. It works for removing corruption issues from OST files which are generated because of virus attacks, Synchronization error, File size issue, Hardware and Software failure, and several more. MS Outlook recovery software deeply ...Our OST convertor allows you to convert several OST files to PST format online for free. Convert OST or any other supported file formats. No third-party software installation is required. Web-based application is fast, robust, easy-to-use and absolutely free.SysTools OST to PST Converter is the premier choice of Microsoft MVPs for converting inaccessible, orphaned, offline, and corrupted OST files into Outlook-supported PST format. It can easily convert emails, calendars, contacts, and tasks in MS Outlook even when the Exchange Server has crashed or the mailbox dismounted.OST and PST are different formats used to store Outlook data. If you want to convert the data, you need to extract the data from the OST file, change its format, and create a new PST file. The most effective way to do this is to use a tool specifically designed to repair damaged PST files. Here’s how to convert an OST file … See moreConvertir OST en PST. Temps nécessaire : 5 minutes. Pour convertir manuellement un fichier OST à PST, nous aurons besoin d’utiliser Outlook soi. Assurez-vous d’avoir accès au profil Outlook d’origine. Ouvrez Outlook et cliquez sur Fichier. Ouvrir et exporter et choisissez Importer/Exporter. Exporter vers un fichier.Feb 27, 2024 · Import a PST file into Outlook. Open Microsoft Outlook and click on File. Go to Open & Export. In the right pane, click on Import/Export. Select Import from another program or file and click Next. Choose Outlook Data File (.pst) and click Next. Click on Browse and locate your PST file on the drive. Select how you want to handle duplicates. Download For Windows. Download For macOS. Software Guide EULA Screenshots. Benefits of Microsoft OST to PST Converter Software. Allows users to Convert OST to …OST to PST Converter is a powerful OST to PST conversion tool that restores data from OST files. The software includes a slew of user-friendly features to enable a speedy and seamless conversion from OST to PST. 1 Like . best response confirmed by Linkang (Copper Contributor)We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Following are the steps for manually recovering OST file to PST file. Go to files > Open & Export > Import/ Export. In the Import/ Export > Export to File > Outlook Data File (.pst) In the "select the folders to export from" window select the files you want to recover to PST file. Now click on browse and mention your desired location and click ...A TrustVare OST to PST Converter is a software application that can convert an offline Outlook data file (OST) to a personal storage table (PST) file. PST files are a standard format for storing Outlook data and can be opened and used with any version of Outlook. OST files, on the other hand, are only accessible with Outlook when …Launch OST to PST software on your Windows screen. Press on Add .Ost files to load OST files for achieving the conversion of OST to PST. Then, choose PST option as output format to save OST data as PST. Now, select destination folder by clicking on Browse option and press on Convert button to start the process.Download, install and launch OST2 Tool on your PC; Select “Convert OST”; Click “Browse” and select the OST file you need to convert; Click “Convert”. In just a few seconds, the OST file you have selected will be converted to a PST file.Here are the simple steps of OST to PST Converter Software that allows users to convert OST files to PST format easily: Step 1: Download and Install Aryson OST to PST Converter. Step 2: Run as administrator and click the browse. Step 3: Select the file that you need to convert.Download & Browse OST files Start the SysInfo OST to PST Converter Software as an administrator and opt with Single File or Multiple Files/Folder options to add OST files. Selection of Folders Checks the folders from the tree structure to export. You can preview the Date, To, From, Attributes, and Attachments of a specific email. OST2PST …Jul 18, 2022 · SysTools OST to PST converter is a reliable OST converter software to convert inaccessible or orphaned OST files of Outlook 2019, 2016, 2013, 2010, and below versions into PST format. The software can convert single or multiple OST files simultaneously into PST format. It can also convert encrypted OST files with precision. Convertir OST en PST. Temps nécessaire : 5 minutes. Pour convertir manuellement un fichier OST à PST, nous aurons besoin d’utiliser Outlook soi. Assurez-vous d’avoir accès au profil Outlook d’origine. Ouvrez Outlook et cliquez sur Fichier. Ouvrir et exporter et choisissez Importer/Exporter. Exporter vers un fichier.Download & Run Stellar Converter for OST. The homepage of the software provides two options to perform OST file conversion. Click ‘Browse’ button if you know the exact location of OST file or click ‘Find’ button to locate the OST file in your system. Now OST file has been selected. Click ‘Convert’ Button to initiate the conversion ...SysTools OST to PST Converter is the premier choice of Microsoft MVPs for converting inaccessible, orphaned, offline, and corrupted OST files into Outlook-supported PST format. It can easily convert emails, calendars, contacts, and tasks in MS Outlook even when the Exchange Server has crashed or the mailbox dismounted.Jan 19, 2024 · Convertendo OST para PST usando a opção Outlook Export. Há como converter OST para formato PST manualmente: Execute o Microsoft Outlook e abra o arquivo OST associado à sua conta. Clique no menu ‘Arquivo’ > 'Abrir & Exportação’ > 'Importar & Exportar'. Selecione ‘Exportar para um arquivo’ opção e clique em ‘Avançar’ botão. Create a new PST file. Go to the OST file, select and copy all the contents to be converted with your mouse. Go back to the new PST file, then paste all the contents into the PST file. That will do the conversion. Second, if you can access the Exchange server containing the account data for the OST file, then you can use Export-Mailbox command ...OST2 Enterprise edition is a software for individuals and enterprises, that can be used for .ost and .pst files conversion, migration and transfer. Transfer and migrate all OST or PST files and data from and to Microsoft Outlook, Exchange, Office 365, Outlook.com, Gmail and G Suite. OST2 Enterprise Edition does not have any limitations when ...Firstly, Install and run the Aryson OST to PST Converter as an administrator. Then click on the Next button. Click on Select Files to add the OST files to the Software Wizard. Select the OST file ...This free OST to PST converter software is made for recovering deleted OST emails, contacts, etc. without any hindrance. It works for removing corruption issues from OST files which are generated because of virus attacks, Synchronization error, File size issue, Hardware and Software failure, and several more. MS Outlook recovery software deeply ...These are the steps for changing the .ost file into a .pst file using reliable software. Install the OST to PST converter software. Launch the application and select single or multiple files. Browse the .ost file and click on next. Press the next button application and start scanning the file.Feb 16, 2024 · 1. Use the Remo OST to PST Converter. Download the application from the official website, and install it on your PC. Open the app and click Browse or Open OST File to select the OST file you want to convert. Select the files or folders you want to convert to PST by looking through the mailbox folders. OST2 Enterprise edition is a software for individuals and enterprises, that can be used for .ost and .pst files conversion, migration and transfer. Transfer and migrate all OST or PST files and data from and to Microsoft Outlook, Exchange, Office 365, Outlook.com, Gmail and G Suite. OST2 Enterprise Edition does not have any limitations when ...Kernel for OST to PST Converter is an email migration tool designed to convert OST files and mailboxes into PST format. The software is capable of retrieving user mailboxes from OST files that are orphaned as well as damaged OST files and convert them to PST format (on any Outlook edition). With Kernel for OST to PST Converter, … 我们的 OST 到 PST 转换器使用云存储来存储转换结果。. 您可以立即下载转换后的文件、通过电子邮件发送或简单地将链接复制到该文件。. 但请记住，您的文件仅在云中存储 24 小时！. 我们不会以任何方式传播您的文件的链接，我们不会将它们提供给第三方等 ... An online service is much more convenient. But if you convert OST files regularly or if their size exceeds 4GB, it is better to install Offline OST to PST file converter. Service and software support the OST to PST conversion into latest version of Outlook for Microsoft 365. Cách nhanh nhất để mở thư mục lưu Tệp Dữ liệu Outlook (.pst và .ost) là thực hiện như sau: Trong Outlook, chọn tab Tệp , sau đó trên tab Thông tin, chọn Cài đặt Tài khoản >Đặt Tài khoản. Chọn tab Tệp Dữ liệu , chọn một mục …Install Offline OST to PST Converter in Windows. Start Offline OST to PST Converter. Select an OST file on the first page of the program. Click Next. Select the Converter mode mode. Click Next. View the content of the OST file. Click Next. Select a folder for saving converted data.OST PST viewer is a free and powerful tool that will help you to open and work with OST, PST and other Outlook file formats without Microsoft Outlook installed. It can open orphaned or any size files created by any version of Outlook. PST file viewer is the right tool for users who have lots of PST files and don't want to connect each of them ...Aug 19, 2019 · Step 2: Method 2: Professionally Convert OST to PST. Discover the top tool available for professionally transferring OST to PST file format. Opt for the Aryson OST to PST File Converter for a faster and more dependable process. This software comes equipped with advanced features and filters, including the ability to remove duplicate items. Stellar Converter for OST Software Review: In this video tutorial, let me show you how you can easilyconvert encrypted Offline OST into the usable PST format...Free OST to PST Converter to Export, Migrate & Convert OST to PST. Stellar® Converter for OST. Excellent. Most Reliable and Trusted Software to Convert OST to PST. The tool converts orphaned OST file to PST, …
. Fall just
SysTools OST to PST Converter is a powerful conversion tool that migrates Exchange OST files to Outlook PST format, regardless of version. The software supports both recent and dated versions of Outlook, including the old 2010 and 2007 editions. SysTools OST to PST Converter is capable of converting OST files to other formats as … Stellar OST to PSTコンバーターでOSTファイルをPSTファイルに変換する. ステップ⒈ 変換したいOSTファイルを選択します。. ここで構成済みプロファイルの一覧表示のウィンドウが表示されます。. ここで「 プロファイルを一覧表示 」をクリックすると、自動的に ... Import a PST file into Outlook. Open Microsoft Outlook and click on File. Go to Open & Export. In the right pane, click on Import/Export. Select Import from another program or file and click Next. Choose Outlook Data File (.pst) and click Next. Click on Browse and locate your PST file on the drive. Select how you want to handle duplicates.Launch OST to PST software on your Windows screen. Press on Add .Ost files to load OST files for achieving the conversion of OST to PST. Then, choose PST option as output format to save OST data as PST. Now, select destination folder by clicking on Browse option and press on Convert button to start the process. PST file is a data storage file that contains personal information used by Microsoft Outlook and Exchange. PST may also include email folders, contacts, addresses, and other data. PST files have a 2GB limit and will cause Outlook to slow down when the file is close to the limit. 🔸 Technical details: 🔸 File conversion: OST conversion : PST ... The easiest way to fix all types of OST issues, irrespective of the intensity of damage or loss is to convert the OST file to Outlook PST. There are several ways to migrate OST data to PST format which are as follows: 1. Use Outlook Archive feature. Archive feature can be used in Outlook to copy or move mailbox items to PST. It converts all the ...Firstly, Install and run the Aryson OST to PST Converter as an administrator. Then click on the Next button. Click on Select Files to add the OST files to the Software Wizard. Select the OST file ...Feb 16, 2024 · 1. Use the Remo OST to PST Converter. Download the application from the official website, and install it on your PC. Open the app and click Browse or Open OST File to select the OST file you want to convert. Select the files or folders you want to convert to PST by looking through the mailbox folders. Chcete-li převést datový soubor aplikace Outlook z OST na PST, můžete provést následující. 1. Spusťte Outlook, klikněte na Soubor > Otevřít a exportovat > Import Export. 2. V Průvodce importem a exportem dialogové okno vyberte Export do souboru pod Vyberte akci, kterou chcete provést, a potom klepněte na tlačítko další . 3.AnyConv เป็นตัวแปลง OST เป็น PST ระดับห้าดาว ⭐ คุณสามารถแปลงไฟล์ ost เป็นรูปแบบ pst ออนไลน์ได้ 👍 รวดเร็วและฟรี 👍 ไม่จำเป็นต้องติดตั้ง ... Converting PST to CST. This time zone converter lets you visually and very quickly convert PST to CST and vice-versa. Simply mouse over the colored hour-tiles and glance at the hours selected by the column... and done! PST stands for Pacific Standard Time. CST is known as Central Standard Time. CST is 2 hours ahead of PST. .